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Evaluation of two avian influenza type A rapid antigen tests under Indonesian field conditions

Correspondence: ¹Corresponding Author: Leo Loth, Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, Menara Thamrin 7th Floor, Jl. M.H. Thamrin Kav. 3, Jakarta 10250, Indonesia. leo.loth{at}fao.org

The current study evaluated the test characteristics of 2 commercially available rapid antigen tests for highly pathogenic avian influenza. Diagnostic specimens were collected from free-ranging village chickens in Indonesia. A total of 174 healthy, sick, and dead birds were included in the study. The relative diagnostic test sensitivity and the relative diagnostic test specificity were calculated by using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) as the confirmatory diagnosis. The AnigenR Rapid AIV Ag test had a relative diagnostic sensitivity of 0.69 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.56–0.80) and a relative diagnostic specificity of 0.98 (95% CI: 0.93–0.99). The Flu Detect^TM Antigen Capture test strip had a relative diagnostic sensitivity of 0.71 (95% CI: 0.58–0.82) and a relative diagnostic specificity of 0.98 (95% CI: 0.93–0.99). These tests are a valuable tool for the Indonesian avian influenza control program by reliably and quickly detecting Influenza A virus from oropharyngeal swabs from sick or dying chickens.

Key Words: Antigen test • avian influenza • H5N1 • poultry • sensitivity • specificity