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Disseminated Bovine viral diarrhea virus in a persistently infected alpaca (Vicugna pacos) cria

Correspondence: ¹Corresponding Author: Stacey R. Byers, Washington State University, PO Box 647060, Pullman, WA 99164-7060. staceyr{at}vetmed.wsu.edu

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is an emerging infectious pathogen of concern to the alpaca industry. A 4-month-old, intact, male alpaca cria was diagnosed as persistently infected with BVDV on the basis of repeated positive antemortem polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and virus isolation (VI) assays and negative serologic titers to BVDV. Immunohistochemistry, real-time reverse transcription PCR, and VI performed on tissues collected at necropsy demonstrated disseminated BVDV-1b infection. Virus was detected in multiple tissues, including parotid salivary gland, testes, prostate, kidneys, skin, and gastrointestinal tract. Demonstration of BVDV in previously unreported tissues suggests additional potential routes of BVDV transmission in alpacas.

Key Words: Alpacas • Bovine viral diarrhea virus • persistent infection